A white 3D printed four-legged robot standing on a desk, its body open with wiring visible

RoboticsDrawing 3 of 47

Gray
quadruped

Gray is a 12-joint quadruped robot that a friend and I built in 2021 and 2022. I taught it to walk in simulation, then stopped building this version because its hobby servos hold it back. Next I want to build Gray 2.0 with better motors.

Sheet 02 of 05/Takeaways

Why I stopped and what I learned

I worked on Gray for a long time and got further than I expected. I rebuilt the whole software stack and taught it to walk in simulation, and then I decided to stop building this version.

The servos are what hold it back. A hobby servo only takes a position. It can't sense or control force, and I don't think it can survive the impacts a trot puts through it. Every policy I train is limited by that, and I don't see a reason to finish a robot dog with joints that weak.

Things I learned from it:

  • Writing reward functions and tuning them until the walk came out right
  • Setting up a reinforcement learning pipeline and getting it to train fast on limited hardware, with 64 robots at once
  • Building the simulation from accurate CAD, because the policy only learns the robot it's given
  • Checking each policy against a list of pass or fail criteria
  • Training separate policies for flat ground and for slopes

Next I want to build Gray 2.0. It'll use the same learning setup and reward functions on a new quadruped with quasi-direct-drive actuators. Those are brushless motors with a low-ratio planetary gearbox, the same kind of joint the MIT Mini Cheetah uses. They can control torque directly, they can be back-driven, and they handle impacts much better than servos.

An open handheld controller board with two joysticks, a microcontroller and four cylindrical batteries
PL 06The handheld controller, built on its own board with two thumbsticks, a microcontroller and four 18650 cells.
A simulated grey quadruped robot standing on a dark checkered floor
PL 08The same robot in the simulator, at the ride height the walk policy starts from.

Sheet 03 of 05/Parts

Issued as separate drawings

I split this project into parts. Each part below has its own page, with its own sections and pictures.

Sheet 04 of 05/Play

Drive it yourself

Soon you'll be able to control the robot yourself, right here on this page.

The frame below is where it will go. It's a work in progress.

Work in progressA game where you drive Gray will go here

Sheet 05 of 05/Source

Inspect the work